A case study of Qatar airways - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1372 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Transport Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? The unit cost of a product is greatly affected by the capacity utilization of a firm. Hence the profitability is also influenced by the capacity utilization. A firm is considered to be operating in full capacity when the installed capacity as well as available resources is being utilized to the maximum. But as the utilization of capacity decreases, the cost also gets affected. This is applicable for Qatar Airways also. Hence with decrease in capacity utilization, the unit cost is also affected but in two different ways. There exists two kinds of unit cost- unit variable cost and unit fixed cost. Unit variable cost involves the cost incurred for labor and materials for producing a single unit of product whereas the unit fixed cost is the cost of fixed assets like machinery that is used for the manufacture of a single unit. Thus capacity utilization affects these two costs differently. For unit variable cost, a decrease in capacity utilization would cause a decrease in i t. This means there exist a positive relationship between capacity utilization and unit variable cost. But this decrease may not be in a proportionate manner. The following diagram illustrates the relationship between unit variable cost: Capacity Utilization Unit Variable cost Cost per unit The above graph has capacity utilization in the Y-axis and Unit cost in the X-axis. It can be seen that as capacity utilization decreases the cost per unit also decreases. In the case of unit fixed cost, there exists a negative relationship. This means as capacity utilization increases, the unit fixed cost decreases. In the following graph, the unit cost is in the X-axis and capacity utilization is in the Y-axis: Capacity Utilization Unit Fixed cost Cost per unit Hence capacity utilization has an impact over the unit cost of a product. The following formula is used for calculating capacity utilization: Capacity Utilization (%) = Actual output per month (or per annum) x 100% Maximum possible output per month (or per annum) In the case of Qatar Airways the capacity utilization must be done properly so that the maximum usage of the resources can be done in the most effective manner. Reports reveal that the company is not much affected by the economic downturn and there is still large number of British tourists flying through QA. Hence the profitability of the company is not much affected. The company can alter the seating configuration as per the requirements of the customers as well as based upon the unit cost. Both unit variable and unit fixed cost must be considered while fixing the cost for ticket. The fuel consumption is a very important factor in airline industry. There are certain factors that affect the fuel consumption of an aircraft. This includes the aircraft type, seat occupancy, cargo weight etc. Seating and seat occupancy are major determinants of fuel consumption. There is an emission calculator is now used which takes the ave rage of seating and seat occupancy of a particular airline and compares it with the standard configuration of aircraft manufacturers with regard to seating. The average seat occupancy for scheduled and chartered market segments is different. Also the flight region also alters the seat occupancy of scheduled flights. There exist certain specifications for airline industry with regard to seating. The seats are fitted out by the companies with respect to these specifications. The number of seats is a crucial factor in fuel consumption. The seats are different for different classes. For example, the seats in business class are larger and heavier than those in economy class. But economy seats are usually more in number when compared with the business class seats. Also the seats that fit in a row vary according to the airline type. The aim of every company is to arrange the seating in such a way that the customer requirements are met in the best manner. Extend of capacity utilizatio n is the critical factor that decides the fixed cost that must be allocated per unit of product. Hence the fixed cost and capacity utilization are inversely proportional to each other. Full capacity is an ideal situation that every organization dreams of. But operating in near full capacity is possible if proper planning is done. Increasing the total capacity can be done in many ways. The following are the most acceptable methods: †¢ Employing more workers- This way more output can be generated in a less amount of time. But at the same time the unit variable cost is increased to a little bit as employee wages are considered as overheads. †¢ Building larger buildings for manufacture or providing service- This way there will be more space for production or service. Hence the firm could easily make use of the available resources. †¢ Purchasing more raw materials/stock- If there is more raw materials, then the firm could use them for production and hence incre ase the production capacity. A firm is considered to be running in full capacity whenever the capacity utilization turns 100%. This means the firm is able to make use of the installed capacity and the available resources to the maximum. Thus operating in full capacity brings many benefits to the firm. But it doesnt mean there are only advantages to this method of operation. There are also certain disadvantages to it. The major advantages of full capacity operation are: Decrease in unit fixed cost: Since the capacity utilization and fixed cost per unit is inversely proportional, an increase in the former would reduce the unit fixed costs. Thus the total unit cost would also be less. Hence the total unit cost, i.e., the cost per ticket for Qatar Airways can be reduced by operating in full or near full capacity. Maximum utilization of resources: When working in full capacity the company utilizes the current resources in the most effective manner. Hence the wastage of resour ces will be minimized as well as the revenue increases. Better chance of survival in worst times: Situations like economic recession could affect all kinds of business. But a company that works with full capacity and work efficiency will be able to predict such financial turmoil and adjust the operations accordingly. Apart from that they can also predict the future demands. High growth potential: A company working with full capacity will be able to generate higher revenue. They can invest this profit for new ventures and expand. Enhanced brand value: A high growing organization will naturally be successful. Hence employees will be happy to work for such an organization. Thus the work environment in that organization will also be better. Following are some of the drawbacks or disadvantages related to capacity utilization: Maintenance and safety issues: The plants that run in full capacity usually cannot carry out the routine maintenance and safety procedures as per the regulations and on correct time. Also there could be break downs that would prevent the firm from meeting the demands of customers. This would affect the name or reputation of the company. Lesser innovation: If the firm is running in full capacity then there is little possibility of improvement. This way the business would be stagnant without any innovations. This also affects the firms capability to meet unexpected demand and contingency. Employee issues: A firm running in full capacity needs its workers to be present full time a day. This way they are denied of any time for leisure and entertainment. Also there will be high work pressure on employee which further increases their frustration. Thus the result will be absenteeism and employee turnover. Hence over stress would decrease the productivity. Poor working environment: Running in full capacity demands an organization to employ more people. Thus employee management will be a difficult process to be handled by the ma nagement. Also this would result in a poor work environment which in turn affects the work efficiency. Increase in overall cost: Working in full capacity would also increase the overall cost. It is because the firm will have to employ more staff, buy more raw materials as well as build more infrastructures. Thus the overall cost is affected. Due t this most firms work between 70%-90% efficiency. This would help them in reducing the unit fixed cost as well as unit variable cost. Also innovation can be brought about. Don’t waste time! 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Marketing of Woolworth Research Proposal Example

Essays on Marketing of Woolworth Research Proposal The paper "Marketing of Woolworth" is an excellent example of a research proposal on marketing. Woolworth Limited was established in Australia in 1924 in Sydney. The Key principles adopted for Woolworth was that: â€Å"Every man, woman, and child needs a Handy place where good things are cheap†. This principle became the fundamental philosophy that has kept Woolworth within its vision and has indeed offered the best quality services so far encompassing a customer base of 24 million per week (Woolworth, 2012).In Australia and New Zealand, Woolworth traverses more than 3,000 stores in both countries. These stores are concerned with the business involving food, general merchandise, liquor, home improvement, petrol, and hotels. Indeed it is among the gigantic business organizations in Australia that have created a huge network of engagement in terms of services, employment and business in general (Woolworth, 2012).Woolworth has been part and parcel of Australian society. It has ga thered through experience the business legacy prominent with the ethical values relating to the people in general hence fostering a responsible culture (Williams et al., 2010). It is on this same footing that in embracing the new technological advancement, Woolworth is committed to keeping in touch with its entire customer base in order to provide quality services and products. It is true that any form of innovation and development of the new products has been of great success has a result of harmonious interaction with customers. Woolworth is excellent in its endeavors including logistics and highly efficient (Woolworth, 2012). To improve on these qualities, it is high time that changes in societal dynamism have to be reflected also in the Woolworths business practice. The new business practice specifically deals with the internet and mobile telephony that has triggered a new wave on how to do business. Therefore based on the foregoing, in order to come up with accurate and reliabl e information pertaining to the adoption of these technological advancements a marketing research project has been proposed for the same.ObjectivesThe main objective in carrying out the marketing research for Woolworth’s products and services based on the use of new technology is to examine the readiness and attitude with which the majority of the customer base is willing to adopt the same at a considerable fair cost. This can further be divided into the following categories:To examine how advanced the customers are in using some of the technologiesTo identify the most conversant and easy way of reaching a wide range of customers using the technologyTo determine the resultant effect of embracing technology to the customers and the entire business profile.These objectives are elaborate further below;To examine how advanced the customers are in using some of the technologies

Negative Impacts of Internet Free Essays

The advent of the Internet has been one of the most exciting major events in the second half of the 20thtcentury. The ancient dream of â€Å"a scholar knows all things happening in the world without venturing outdoors† has finally become a reality. Since 1993, the Internet started to take off. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impacts of Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now At present, the Internet has spread to more than 180 countries and regions, connecting more than 600,000 domestic networks of various types, hooking up more than 20 million computers available to 120 million users (2% of the entire global population). However, due to its innate transnational, decentralized, open and unregulated nature, the Internet as a free, open and anarchic device has brought various countries great risks First of all, the internet has negatively influenced the countries politics because the Internet explicitly propagates and implicitly spreads western democratic values. These views are mainly spread through some governmental organizations or government-sponsored groups in the West. They select some typical stories that reflect western democracy and wrapped them up in attractive packages. Then they put these stories in visual and/or audio format and give them to people with great appeal and attractiveness. Most of those who have visited these websites come off praising the beauty of western democracy. The Internet can be also used as a tool to harm national sovereignty and interfere with other countries’ internal affairs. In some websites, when agencies and organizations of some foreign governments publish data, they treat areas such as Taiwan and Tibet as independent countries. The website of the U. S. National Geographic Society once published a map of Asia, which flagrantly excludes the South China Sea and Taiwan from our territories. Another example is that some websites have published views supporting Taiwanese and Tibetan independence and providing some so-called â€Å"historical evidence. † This has clearly interfered with Chinese internal affairs. The politically intended websites all have certain level of deceptiveness, influencing people to accept their views subconsciously, albeit with some doubt at first, thus shaking people’s firm stance of ideological correctness. Secondly, the internet causes cultural degradation because the Internet advocates western life-styles. These websites display various aspects of western society and life, and the overwhelming majority of them have positive portrayals of the western life-style. It makes people believe that the West seems to be countries of absolute freedom and paradise for individual achievement where private life is without obstacles and external inferences. Partial information such as this is particularly appealing to our youths whose life philosophy and worldview have yet to mature. Many of these youths aspire with great diligence to go abroad just to â€Å"change a way of living. † The Internet also poses a potential threat to information warfare. Some countries have applied the Internet into military operations, have conducted mock attacks against other countries’ networks, or have fabricated deceptive information harmful to other countries’ military forces. At a time when the information networks have become an important infrastructure of the nation and the military, the information warfare will be a war without the explosives, a war with a high invisibility, low cost, international, and multi-area (political, military, economic, social and material resources etc. approach. The high-tech nature and the unpredictability of combat intelligence in information warfare have made it extremely difficult to organize an information defense. The U. S. Department of Defense has specifically established an â€Å"Executive Committee on Information Warfare,† which is devoted to studying national policy for information warfare, and conducting war games on some websites. According to a report by the Sunday Thames of England, on 29 June (1998), experts from Great Britain and the United States conducted a secret military exercise in the destructive attacks on computers, with the objective of preventing a blitzkrieg in an information war. The result of the exercise indicates that just a few hackers can paralyze the stock market, military systems and airports, making the superpower, the United States, unable to move around. In a future information war, national financial transaction centers, stocks exchange centers, air traffic control centers, telecommunications control centers, railway control headquarters and various military networks, will inevitably become the main targets of information warfare. In conclusion, the internet is detrimental to a country’s culture, politics and security. Since it’s impossible to close the networks we must control and do our best to destroy its negative impacts when we can. Adapted from: http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2000_2003/pdfs/neg.pdf How to cite Negative Impacts of Internet, Papers

Comparison Between the Audio Lingual Method and the Communicative Approach free essay sample

Language as a human artifact can be approached from manifold vintage points depending on the focal point predetermined. If we are concerned about the communicational aspect, then language represents a codified message produced by a sender intercepted by a receiver through a channel. But once language is submerged in an ampler context, then the scope of vision should include the miscellany of social factors that impinge on the speaker‘s word choice. In this perspective, language constituted a social behavior or a cultural trait since it is essentially conditioned by social conventions and alternately manipulated by the interlocutor’s intentions. Language becomes unequivocally a harbinger of social status manifested in various aspects such as the speaker’s accent, style and the frequency of code switching. Language can also reveal political affiliation as it can also give a retrospect about a nation history. However, the matter becomes more intricate when language is approached through its dialogical relation with the Human mind. The old philosophical debate about language and the mind can be rekindled once again. There is no argument that language is first constructed in the mind according to the conventional rules of morphology (word formation), semantics (meaning) and syntax (structure). The only difference resides in the fact that linguistic structure designed in the mind is not confronted to the constraints of air movement in the vocal apparatus. Yet, we cannot deny that during the process of thinking we can hear sounds though they have not been uttered yet. It is indeed the image of the sound that is retrieved from the large repertoire of sounds. In other words, the mind has the ability to visualize the way the sound would come out once uttered. The individual can easily determine whether the sound is a bilabial (produced by the lips) or pharyngeal (produced at the level of the pharynx whereas the manner of articulation, whether the sound is voiced or voiceless, whether it is nasal or not, remains less obvious since it stems essentially from the subtle interaction between the organs of speech and the flow of air. It is not a problematic issue to determine which one occurs first, the idea or the word, since the issue can be resolved as soon as we accept that thought and language are simultaneous. But the challenge is to discern the extent to which language interacts with our conceptual and perceptual systems. First, it is necessary to avoid making sweeping generalizations about language simply because â€Å"language varies â€Å"greatly. The common mistake committed in this ancestral debate is the issuing of stringent  Ã‚   postulates that leave no room for variability. The emergence of sociolinguistics in the 60’s and the tools availed by pragmatics provide sufficient evidence that language operates in a volatile environment fraught with variables. Therefore it would be senseless to cling to free floating generalizations such as â€Å"Language constrains thought† or â€Å"language is the mirror of the mind. † For it has turned out that the language is undisputedly fashioned by the context in which it occurs. Needless to say. language is motivated also by the intentions and purposes set forth by speakers. When Sapir and Whorf established their paradigmatic theory on the omnipotence of language over thought and perception, they had in mind the conceptualization of tangible objects like snow. Indeed, the availability of many lexical items to refer to snow in the Eskimo community has the effect to broaden the spectrum of perception. Thus, the Eskimos can differentiate between many forms of snow, while English speakers fail to perceive these differences since they have only one word to refer to snow. Many scholars tried to single the shortcomings of Whorf’s assumptions and they were right for linguistic determinism fails to encompass all linguistic phenomena. Whorfian theory was soon counterbalanced by linguistic relativity that considers language as the mirror of culture. The main criticism leveled against Whorfian theory is the ability of speakers to perceive things for which they have no label. Therefore Human perception is neither hindered nor dimmed by the absence of linguistic referents. For instance, for   a person encounters a new gadget and after few manipulations she realizes that this devices is used to spray a liquid, the absence of a word to name this gadget seems not to limit the scope of   her perception, her   sensory exploration and the cognitive mechanisms involved in the identification of its function. The conclusion that seems evident here is that perception and conceptualization operate independently from the use of language. Such claim would constitute an overt attack on Whorfian theory. Nevertheless, we need to make a clear cut distinction between the words used to refer to tangible objects easily perceived in time and place and the lexis used to refer to abstract ideas such as love, justice, beauty and more particularly social constructs. First we need to understand the true essence of concepts and social constructs. Concepts are metonymical expressions par excellence since a single word encodes a multitude of ideas. Social constructs on the other hand unravel not only facts but the speakers’ attitudes and patterns of thought consensually standardized by society. Social constructs constitute safeguards for the viability and the stability of social systems. They anchor individuals in a binding ensemble of ideas and a forced solidarity. There are of course individuals who would abject and rebel against the rigidity of these constructs. Once these individuals make their ascension to power position or rally many others into their causes, these social constructs are altered and the paradigms shifted. The theory of linguistic determinism becomes more plausible once applied to the interplay between thought and linguistic labels for social constructs and abstract ideas. It is customary and more effective for the researcher to examine the deviation and anomalies of a given phenomenon in order to unravel its state of normality. Therefore, it is interesting to consider the role of language in the transmission and the consolidation of bias in society. The word of virility or â€Å"Roujoula† in Moroccan Arabic is paramount not only to the distinction between both genders, but mainly to the assertion of male supremacy in society. The bias stems initially from the asymmetry of power  Ã‚   between genders. Likewise, the expression â€Å"Be a man† does not create bias against women for it exists already. Nevertheless, this linguistic word ‘Roujoula† extends largely beyond its denotative function. It is enough to note that virility is considered deficient when the male individual displays some of the female attributes. The expression â€Å"Be a man† sums up the attributes often equated with the assertion of virility. Qualities like courage, endurance or even sexual prowess are associated with masculinity whereas they remain incidental or unmarked when attributed to women. The asymmetry between genders here is not engendered solely by the word itself but mainly through a system of invisible paradigms, often unsaid explicitly which govern society. Nonetheless, the use of such linguistic terms that conceal social constructs is liable to consolidate bias and prejudice against women. Thus, each generation will have to internalize them unconsciously at least before they start challenging them. The dissemination of bias in society through the use of language becomes self-evident when the bias terms are unconsciously endorsed and unquestionably used by the same categories subjected to prejudice. In many instances women use the phrase in Moroccan Arabic â€Å"Khdmat al 3yalat† (women’s way of doing things) to criticize the work of their fellow women. In this situation we can boldly assert that language used to refer to social constructs has the potential to encapsulate the Human   Ã‚  thought by impeding the perception of other possibilities. The claim that language is an omnipotent arsenal may not be relevant to all linguistic phenomena. Nevertheless, we need to pinpoint that the encoding of social constructs and abstract ideas subscribes admirably to Whorf and Sapir‘s theory on linguistic determinism.

Why Do I Have to Study Psychology an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Why Do I Have to Study Psychology Psychology is one of the most popular courses in many higher learning institutions. This is because the course gives the learners a golden chance to discover things which remain a mystery to many people. They are accorded that chance to be a cut above the rest as far as human behavior is concerned. It attracts people who are thirsty for knowledge concerning what goes on in the human mind. Those who want to understand why human beings behave in a certain way find psychology to be one of the most fulfilling courses at the university. Need essay sample on "Why Do I Have to Study Psychology" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Psychology has been described as a field which consists of both application and academic aspects where human mind and behavior are studied. It has been defined as a scientific study of mental processes and behavior. It involves observing and documenting of how human being relate to the one another and all the things that surround them. Psychologists mostly focus on the patterns which help them to understand and predict a human behavior. As a science psychologists apply scientific methods to carry an assessment of their ideas. (Hockenbury, D and Hockenbury, S 2004). Through prediction and understanding of the human behavior psychologists have gained knowledge that is much help to the people in their attempt to realize their potentials. Psychology has a wide range of real world application in our day to day lives which include mental illness, stress management, human machine interaction, Interaction between people of the opposite sex, child development among others. Through studying psychology one is in a position to understand why human being react to certain condition and use it to help people to manage their lives. It is a field that gives one a fulfilling career where one greatly appreciates the role he or she is playing in an attempt to alleviate people suffering. It is a golden chance to explore a human mind and behavior in an attempt to answer many questions which many to many people remain a puzzle and a thorn in the fresh. (Hockenbury, D and Hockenbury, S 2004).Discovering psychology, 4th ed A psychology student will be equipped with the necessary tools which will help him or her to look into the world in a different perspective and be able to understand human behavior much better. (Malim, T and Birch, A. 2004). This means one does not have to study psychology to practice; it can be a good platform to improve your relationship with other, help manage life in a better manner and also look into things in a different way realizing a fulfil ling life. (Myers, G, 2004) One of the areas in which psychology tries to help people is stress management. It is a major problem that is breaking families, ending careers and deteriorating peoples health. Psychologists have the necessary tools to help people manage stress therefore helping people to lead a productive and successful life. (Hewstone, M. 2004).The psychologist guides the patient with on a step by step process of coping with stress in life. What is more fulfilling in life than to see people who were once burdened with stress recover to lead a normal and a meaning life? If you have a passion of helping people realize their dreams this is your area. With dedication and determination you will be able to change the world and make it at least a better place. (Scatter D, Gilbert, D and Wegner, D. 2008) Human relationship is another area where psychologists focus with a dedicated passion. This area tries to focus and answer questions that disturb many people who find it hard to maintain relationship with other people especially the opposite sex. Understanding the opposite sex is very crucial to every individual who aspires to have a successful relationship. (Smith, E.Susan, N and Fredrick, B 2003) People always consult relationship experts who in this case happen to be psychologists to help them overcome fears and other challenges associated with relationships. This is one of the most fulfilling areas for a psychologists, it is full of life and energy. In this case a person who has studied psychology can also apply the things learned to put their relations in order. (Griggs, R 2009) The young ones make us happy and bring so much joy to our lives. As a parent it is important to be equipped with knowledge of child development so that he or she can know what to do with the child at any particular moment. To many psychology is bringing a whole new meaning to parenting. (Hayes, N 2000). Bringing up good kids is the dream of every parent, to get this psychology can be of great help. It pays to spare some time and money to enroll in a psychology class and gain the necessary knowledge on life management therefore achieving most of the goals one aspires. This again tells us that one can study psychology alongside other courses. It is a living course that helps us to cope with life better while understanding others and the things that surrounds us. (Morris, C and Maisto, A 2001) Psychology is a fascinating and an exiting course where students never get bored as they are always dealing with things that surround them and interact with in their day to day lives. The course is also challenging, it is not for the weak, it requires full concentration as giving the wrong impression or information can ruin peoples lives, it is a course for the strong willed individuals who want to make a difference in their lives and also make an impact in other people lives. Choosing psychology as a course in the university is one of the best decision that you will have made. It offers such a good chance to enrich your life with the skills which others will find very much useful and at the same time they will help in moulding you as a person to realize the dreams. Lastly there is a lot of money to be made for a psychologist, People will always have some issue to be dealt with, therefore a practicing psychologist will never be broke or complain of a low peak season while others are complaining of recession and other economic problems. You have made the right choice, do what it takes and you will never regret. Reference Hockenbury, D and Hockenbury, S (2004).Discovering psychology, New York .Worth Publishers Scatter D, Gilbert, D and Wegner, D. (2008) .New Psychology, Worthy Publishers. Griggs, R (2009).Psychology: A concise Introduction, Worthy Publishers Miller, G, (1983).The Principles of Psychology, Harvard University Morris, C and Maisto, A (2001). Psychology: An introduction, Prentice hall. Myers, G, (2004) Exploring Psychology, Worthy Publishers Malim, Tand Birch, A. (2004).Introductory PsychologyPalgrave, Macmillan Smith, E.Susan, N and Fredrick, B (2003) Atkinson and Higards Introduction to Psychology, Wadsworth Publishing co. Hayes, N (2000).Foundations of Psychology: An introductory Text, Thomson Learning Hewstone, M. (2004).Introduction to Social Psychology, Blackwell Publishing Company.

Pretend You Dont See Her essays

Pretend You Dont See Her essays Title: Pretend You Dont See Her Pretend You Dont See Her is one of my favorite murder mysteries that I have ever read. My favorite part of this novel is that the ending is very unpredictable. This story started out when a real estate agent in New York, Lacy Farrell, who was assigned to a new client, Isabelle Waring. Isabelle's daughter, Heather Landi, had died in the previous year and it was Heather's apartment she decided to put on the market. Isabelle would have never sold it, but her ex-husband, Jimmy Landi, said that it was time for them to move on. Ever since Heather's death in a car accident Isabelle knew that it wasn't an accident. When she was going through Heather's things so they could get the apartment ready to sell she came across her journal. The night before Lacy was supposed to show a potential buyer the apartment Isabelle called her sounding concerned and said that she had proof that her daughter's death wasn't an accident. Lacy didn't want to rush over to the apartment at that late hour, so she told Isabelle that she would talk to her in the morning. The morning came and Lacy went over to show the apartment to Curtis Caldwell, the man who was an interested buyer. Later on that evening Lacy decided to go over to the apartment and see what Isabelle was talking about on the phone. When she got there she was frightened by a scream and hid in a downstairs closet. She had the door opened a crack and saw Curtis Caldwell exiting through the front door with Heathers journal in his hands. She ran upstairs and found Isabelle bloody on a bed and she was holding some of the pages of Heathers journal. Her last words were, Lacy, give Heathers journal to her father. Only to him.....swear that....only to him. Lacy didnt know what to do so she hid the journal pages in her briefcase and called the police. The police men came over and asked her everything that she knew and they got a...

Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Persons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trafficking in Illegal Drugs and Persons - Essay Example However, in the foreign policy moves, President offers to frame strategies taking into confidence Canada, Iran and France for implementing his policies to control drug and human trafficking and at the same time expanding his foreign strategies to curtail global terrorism in all its dimensions. However before that as an advisor to the President, I need to identity the ways with which Canada, Iran and France frame laws to identify, adjudicate and sentence these international criminals and put the same into practice. According to the law in Canada, drug trafficking is a very serious offense subjecting the criminals into prison. However at the same time length of the prison also depends upon the intensity of the crime and kind and quantity of substance found in the possession of the offenders. According to the Criminal Code of Canada, criminals get lighter punishment for those who have been found in the possession of the marijuana, amphetamines, hashish, and LSD. Punishment and the impos ition of the fines depend upon the quantum and nature of drug caught by the offender which can go from six months to five years and even life imprisonment and fine from $1000 to $5000 (Jourard, n.d.). Canada has defined specific laws pertaining to the human trafficking involving extortion, kidnapping, conspiracy, prostitution, forced confinement, or other organized criminal acts that involve moving of one person or groups illegally on the Canadian land for criminal acts. Besides, Parliament also formulated the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) and Section 118 of this law was initiated on 28the June 2002 which states that no person or persons are allowed to enter into Canada through illegal means like commitment of forgery, deceiving someone, kidnapping, or forceful pressurizing. It also includes persons who help these criminals by providing transportation, or by recruiting or sheltering them. These people if caught are liable to be punished for life imprisonment or fine to the amount of $1,000,000, or both. On 25th November 2005, these measures were made more stringent through passing of the Criminal Code curtailing trafficking and also preventing the people who are i nvolved in the obliteration or destruction of the identity, forging travel documents to help trafficking and abetting criminals to accomplish their nefarious designs. Even the federal Interdepartmental Working Group on Trafficking in Persons (IWGTIP), under the co-chairmanship of Justice and Foreign Affairs, also assists in the activities to solve the trafficking problems (Raaflaub, 2006). The graver of these two is the terrorism problem for which soon after the terrorists attack on the World Trade Center, Canadian government initiated plans to control any kind of terrorist activities. $280 million had been spent by the Canadian government in its immediate initiatives to strengthen law enforcement agencies with the main emphasis on quick tracing of fraud-resistant Permanent Resident Card for new immigrants, provision of security for the refugees, quick detention process and deportation, recruiting of highly skilled and trained staff to increase the power of security at the ports, up gradation of the technology, equipments and making all the

Fountain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fountain - Essay Example Additionally, the essay examines Marcel Duchamps fountain and Bruce Naumens fountain.† Finally, the essay meditates on the notion ‘aesthetic’. Art in the 19th century was greatly influenced by the surrounding cultural climate. While early in the century neo-classicism and romanticism were the dominant styles, but the 1860s realism had become the most prominent mode of artistic expression (Adams, p. 521). Realism attempted to capture the environment in its most realistic state. Realism defined art as working to capture reality in as accurate a way as possible. In this way artists implemented all the techniques at their disposal, including perspective and careful observation of the surrounding environment, to create works of art that directly reflected the world. Among the prominent realist painters include Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. Corot’s works included in-depth portraits, such as ‘Woman with a Pearl’ (Adams, p. 525). Rather than using artistic flourishes, these works explored themes of everyday existence. The 19th century realist movement was not merely restricted to painting, but would also expand into literature (Adams, p. 520). The realist movement can perhaps be regarded as the end of pre-modern art. After the realist movement modernism emerged and redefined the definition of art. Rather than viewing art as an expression of observable reality, modernism styles increasingly viewed the goal of art as capturing the changing nature of human perception. This is a significant development in art as it marked a willingness to break from traditional reflection of the world to a more experimental emphasis. Impressionism is perhaps the first modernist style. While today impressionism appears a highly traditional style, during the late 19th century it was regarded as avant-garde. Undoubtedly the artist that most prominent exemplified the

Business Law and ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law and ethics - Case Study Example Child labour in developing countries The case study was largely centered on child labour in the developing countries and pertaining to this issue, Isecke stated that multinational companies through their strategy of outsourcing some of their business processes have indirectly participated in the use of child labour (43-45). This is because they mainly outsource some of their business processes to developing countries where labour is cheap since less trained workers provide it and even at times, the labour services are provided by child labourers. It is important to note that child labour was abolished worldwide through the enactment of various laws that prohibit using children below the statutory age limit of either 16 or 18 years old as labourers. According to Isecke, among the key international laws that prohibit against the child labour, include the United Nations' convention on the Rights of the Child, and the International Labour Organization's Declaration on Fundamental Princip les and Rights at Work (United Nations 1989) (89-93). The other thoughts of the workers Besides thinking about the notion of being paid to be educated, the Vietnamese children also thought about how their employer was socially responsible. The Vietnamese children linked their employer to a socially responsible company because of the fact that company had an option of laying them off from their respective duties so that they can go back to school as required by the law but instead the company opted to retain them in the payroll as they enroll for a full time program. This was despite the fact that the twelve children used forged documents in order to gain employment in the company. The Vietnamese children’s notion that their employer was socially responsible could have been because of the fact that scholars such as Kotler and Lee argued that companies that are socially responsible normally have a strong commitment to behaving ethically and they participate in economic developm ent whilst improving the livings standards of their workers as well as the surrounding community (23-25). It is correct to assert that the action by the Vietnamese employer was part of corporate social responsibilities since it was aligned towards an ethical practice of not using children below the statutory age limit as labourers. Additionally, the act was also aimed at improving the quality of life for the twelve children who were sponsored with a full-time educational program. This will improve their living quality of life because upon finishing their studies, the children would be entitled to promotions to higher positions and even an increase in their wage rate since they would be having additional qualifications. The other thought that the workers had other than they were being paid to be educated was that the company was creating a shared value, which was described by Kotler and Lee, as a business concept that is built on the premise that competitiveness and the health of the workforce as well as the surrounding community are dependent (67-68). In this regard, the twelve children had the notion that the company was investing in their education with an objective that they would also benefit from their sharpened skills once they finish the two-year education program. This assertion is substantiated by the fact that company, which was sponsoring the twelve childre

Importance Of Theme In Movies Film Studies Essay

Importance Of Theme In Movies Film Studies Essay Since the cinematography was invented movies became an integral part of our lives. We cannot live without them because they tell us about our and the other peoples life and still every time we watch them we find something new. They tell us about ourselves, that is why movies attract our attention so much. Films are often described as life s visual representation (Tran, 2008). Everything we encounter in our daily undertakings is reflected in numerous movies. Movies create dreams and enjoy people. They depict our everyday life but still cinematography is something fantastic, mysterious and enigmatic. Each and everybody of us can be related and associated with protagonists or antagonists of a movie. We see ourselves in movies, that is why we are so interested in them. We want to find answers to our numerous questions. Every person has his or her own ways and methods of analyzing a movie. But still, there are some generally accepted techniques to analyze a movie. Each movie has a definite number of elements that are aimed at guiding the audience through the whole story (Pollick). Finding them out, analyzing and interpreting them it is possible to evaluate a movie and determine whether it is good or bad, successful or not. Sometimes it is possible to anticipate whether it will live for ages or die the following day. A movie cannot be good or bad by definition. There usually are some elements that make it perfect and overwhelming or uninteresting and boring. Sometimes the most visible elements of a movie are its actors. A disastrous movie can be saved by the perfect performance of some actors or only one of them. But a really good film can be spoiled by the disastrous play of its actors. Sometimes a movie is differentiated from the others with the perfect job of other craftsmen. They perform a lot of different functions in order to make the film finished and perfect for an audience. In order to comprehend the reasons of one films success and another films failure, it is important to know what the collaborative filmmaking is. One person can never make a film successful. There are several important issues that contribute to films success or failure. Without them it is next to impossible to imagine that a movie can be a success. Thus, the effectiveness of the storyline and dialogs should be estimated. The true architects of a movie are screenwriters. They are not as popular as the director or the actors but their job sometimes is much more valuable. Only they can perfectly adapt a book into a screenplay. Sometimes the new created script form appears to be a new masterpiece with its own original story. It is especially important to sense attention to plotlines and details in the dialog. If scenarios and dialogs are authentic, the movie script is considered successive. If the script is not very successive, characters are placed in artificial and contrived situations. The language used in dialogs is also very important, as it may be obscene, or high flown; it can be natural or it can seem artificial, coming from the writers mind, but not from the characters. Analyzing writing in the film it is necessary to determine whether the dialogs feel honest and the scenes flow in a logical progression. Set pieces and background are very important points that should be evaluated while analyzing an entire movie. These are two major factors that create the proper atmosphere in the film. It is necessary to pay attention to the pictures shapes and colors of the sets, costumes and scenery. Only working together they create a special ambiance and mood. Among some other important factors is the use of darkness and light, shadows and fog. The background information does not overwhelm the scene, but enhances it. The background and the setting should not distract from the scene, but add more to it. All these factors are of major importance. The individual actors performance is one of the most essential factors that should be evaluated while analyzing a movie. Sometimes magnificent performance of one actor attracts the audience attention and the other actors efforts are not noticed. It is also necessary to observe what the other characters of the movie are doing if they are not the part of the action at the moment. Good actors drive the plot of the movie forward. They also establish the character in the mind of the audience. A good actor can make the audience feel his or her presence even if he or she has no dialogs. Editing is an integral part of the finished and successful film. Sometimes it happens that a movie has many components that would make it successful, but poor editing spoils everything. In this case the essential parts of the movie are entirely cut out or the scenes of the film that contribute nothing to the move are left in the final cut. The unmistakable proof of the quality is the editing in which nothing confuses the audience. The perfect editing is usually invisible; the pace of actions is exciting but steady. One scene flows to another one and the audience easily and the audience easily follows the arc of the story. Sometimes the directors cut of a movie can be much less successive than the usual cut. However there are also cases when a movie can be interpreted extremely different after watching the directors cut that appears to be much more successive. Director is the person whose fingerprints are most distinctive in the movie. Definitely he or she is the person who influences the atmosphere in the movie, its character to a great extent. The directors job is totally aimed at film production; it starts and ends there. Thus, directors feelings, thoughts, and ideas are apparent in the movie. The good director is able to understand the actors capacities, the scriptwriters intentions and the crew skills. A professional director usually has his or her own style that is easily traced in the movie. The professional directors contribution to the film bears his or her signature elements, among which familiar actors, unique devotion to particular perspectives and camera angles, edgy dialogs and creative music are noticed. At least one distinctive outstanding feature is inherent each skillful director. So, it is necessary to look for such features in a movie while analyzing it. Sometimes it is next to impossible to determine the meaning of a movie. It can у too complicated sometimes. But there are also cases when there is no meaning in a film. Meaning construction is a vital issue that should be considered while analyzing a movie (Axelson, 2006). Movies generate ideas to a various degree are used as resources within the construction of identity (Jansson 2001). A historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic form by means of which men communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge about and attitudes toward life. (Geertz, 1973). Culture and meaning has become increasingly important in media studies (Clark, 2003). Studies in media now look toward how meanings are constructed, making possible connections with the branch of studies that focuses on the role of media in the development of values, and conceptions of the world (Linderman, 2002). Exploring the meaning of a movie, it is essential to start such important characteristic as the sequence of events that form the parts of the story. It should be considered as a whole. All events are combined in order to form a part of the story. All these events become interesting only if we can observe the effect on all the characters of our story. It is not that important what happens, but it is important how it happens, how the characters react to events and various conflicts with other characters. Such conflicts can manifest themselves as dramatic actions or dialogues. Dramatic action is usually not what is said, but what is not said, what is implicit in a movie. In order to understand the meaning of a movie, everything it implies, it is necessary to read between the lines while watching a movie and analyzing it. It is very important to watch the actions of the characters; only this way it is possible to understand their points of view. In the course of time as the story develop s watching the characters and their actions we can anticipate and predict what is going to happen next. These characters development usually expresses the central theme or concept of a movie. These themes may be various: harsh war problems, terrible conditions of growing up in a deprived area, the importance of expressing your free will and individual behavior, the idea of helping other people. The nature of love is also one of the most favorite directors themes. My own personal criteria for evaluating movies mainly coincide with those features that are important to evaluate while analyzing an entire movie. First, it is necessary to find a theme in a film. Sometimes it is very difficult to discern the message a movie tries to convey. The theme is usually what struck us the strongest in a movie. Besides, there might be some minor themes that contribute to the principal one. Looking at the storyline, it is necessary to observe whether the plot of the movie that easily moves from one scene to another. A screen-writer may use a well-known formula of the hero cycle or add twists in order to make a film more believable or draw the audiences attention to the plot of the story. It is also necessary to listen to the dialogs in order to determine whether they are original or contrived, believable or artificial. Sometimes there are forced explanations and conversations that explain the story to the audience. Special attention should be paid to scenery and set used for the movie. Costumes, backgrounds, special effects and lighting are thing that enhance the special atmosphere of a movie. Being organized professionally these things bring the audience to the story instead of distracting and overwhelming senses. Main and supporting characters are also of great importance. Sometimes our attention is mainly attracted by a pretty woman or malignant villain but not by the elaborated plot. Stereotyped characters can contribute to a movie but can hardly make it genius or important. Sometimes a movie contains some scenes that add nothing to the story and even spoil it. Bad editing can let it happen, but a good editor will make everything possible to avoid unnecessary scenes that make the comprehending of the plot difficult. All needless pieces should be cut out. While one scene moves to another it is very important that nothing prevented from understanding the plot; otherwise a movie is considered not very successful. It is desirable not to lose the track of the story; however sometimes due to the poor editing a movie can jump around from scene to scene. Those who pay more attention to movies than an ordinary viewer definitely know that symbolism is very often used to represent some idea or topic from the scene. It can be reflected in a number of ways: thus, a camera may be focused on one and the same object for several times, or a word may be constantly repeated. On the other hand it is important not to overdo and try to find symbolism everywhere. Sometimes a meaning can be found n those places where the director did not intend to show it. Among other important issues that should be taken into consideration are identifying parallel plots alongside with the main one, inciting indictment, spine of action, the protagonist object of desire, values at stake in each scene of characters lives, the turning points of the scenes, the length of the scenes, all major pay-offs and set-ups, climax, climaxes of different subplots and act structure, image systems, crisis decision, the controlling idea ad counter idea of the story (Script A Wish) The world of movies is a unique one: dreams come true in it, every revolution succeeds, and mysticism and magic become real and ordinary. Films tell us about ourselves but in a different way. That is why we like them. Movies have a perfect possibility to fill the gap between fiction and reality. Those various features as actors, sounds, music and pictures present vivid descriptions of everything that can happen in a large and boundless cosmos. Unexpected and wonderful events, thoughts, actions represent our life, everything that happened, happens and will happen to people in all times. The meanings and interpretations rendered by the viewers are determined by their endeavors and personal experience. No doubt, that interpreting films and analyzing them is subjective by its nature. However, it is evident, that in order to analyze a movie, it is necessary to break it down into essential parts and constituent elements. Sometimes these easy steps can really help to comprehend while one movie is a real masterpiece and becomes classic and the other one has nothing special about it and becomes distant memories.

Biblical Flood Myth of Genesis and the Flood Myth of the Epic of Gilgam

The Flood of the Bible and the Flood of Gilgamesh      Ã‚  Ã‚   The story of Noah’s Ark, as told in the old testament, tells how God punished the world because it had become corrupt. God accomplished this by flooding the world, and annihilating all the creatures upon it, except for Noah and his family and a pair of each type of creature on the earth. Each decade, more insight is gained into the origin of the flood story. Based on the information available at the present time, one could argue that the story of Noah’s Ark was based on the Epic of Gilgamesh. The story of Noah’s Ark was first written as part of the old testament by the Jewish people. However, it is predated by far by the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story that originated in the same area that holds many striking similarities to the tale of Noah’s Ark. Though the story was modified to accommodate new characters, many properties of the story are similar, from small details like the creatures used as scouts to the religious purpose of the flood itself. For example, both the flood stories start with the characters re...